Showing posts with label rasa veerya vipaka prabava. Show all posts
Showing posts with label rasa veerya vipaka prabava. Show all posts

Prabhava –

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Prabhava – Two meanings:
1. a) Specific action of a substance; b) that action not understandable from an examination of its guna, rasa, veerya, vipaka
2. the specific action of a drug is not toward dosha but toward an organ, tissue, or disorder
3. most drugs affecting srotamsi do so through prabhava
4. technically, the actions of emetics, purgatives, narcotics, poisons, intellect promoting drugs, the cardiotonic effect of arjuna, anthelmintic effect of vi¿anga, and antitoxic effect of tridosha effect of amalakee
5. supersedes all other effects, usually
6. acts on the deposition (sthanasamsraya) and manifestation (vyakti) stages of samprapti by being used primarily for an affinity to a tissue (dhata), organ (avayava), or channel (srotas) collectively called the duÃya affected by dosha
7. acts through chemical nature of the substance
  1. as a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of isomerism

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3 Vipakas:

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  1. described in terms of (3) tastes: sweet (madhura), sour (amla), pungent (katu)
  2. the post-digestive: transformed state called niraapaka arising after separation of rasa and mala
  3. action revealed in colon after stomach and SI digestive processes are completed and occurs in the cells as micro-digestion; this action is inferential
  4. stronger than guna effects but less than veerya effectbased primarily upon chemical properties of a substance

    1. effect based primarily upon chemical properties of a substance
    2. longer lasting effects than rasa;
    3. secretory and excretory functions affected: urine, feces, sweat, sperm, vaginal secretions and affects dhatus and srotamsi
    4. as tastes are secondary attributes composed of the 5 elements they reveal their molecular nature expressed in terms of the gunas: sweet = heavy (guru), cold ( sheetha); pungent = light (laghu) and hot (uhna), etc.
    5. acts on the aggravation (prakopa) stage of pathogenesis
    6. as a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of polarity

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2 (or 8) Viryas:

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2 (or 8) Viryas:
  1. the potency of a drug; that energy by which all substances act;
  2. a systemic effect; this action is inferential
  3. known by observing the time from administration to excretion, systemic, stronger than prior categories, these 2 gunas are particularly important to the srotamsi regarding (4) possible defects
  4. main 2: hot / cold:
a. hot (ushna veerya) = catabolic / kinetic, produces giddiness, thirst, exhaustion, fatigue, sweating, inflammation, accelerated biochemical reactions/digestion and alleviates vata and kapha, promotes dilation of blood vessels, relaxation of muscles, higher BMR / temperature and BP, stool becomes hard or difficult, urine decreases and as does appetite and sleep; acts to accelerate the action of the srotamsi
b. cold (sheetha veerya) = anabolic / creating potential energy; causes cheerfulness and pleasing mind, sustains life, imparts strength sturdiness, steadiness and cleanses blood and decreases pitta, increases sleep and urine, decreases BP and BMR, stool becomes smooth, decreases appetite; acts to decelerate the action of the srotamsi
  1. 8 veeryas: light/heavy, oily/dry, sharp/soft, hot/cold; these are the only qualities that survive digestion and thus have therapeutic value; oily/dry are significant for purposes of the koshtha (abdomen); the srotamsi are affected by hot /cold; heavy/light affect the dhatus; sharp/soft do not affect the samprapti
  2. acts on the deposition (sthanasamshray and manifestation (vyakti) stages of sampraptias a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of stearic structureas a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of stearic structure

  3. a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of stearic structure

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6 Rasas (Tastes):

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6 Rasas (Tastes):
  1. sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter, astringent
  2. determined by the predominance of two elements (sweet = water and earth, e.g.)
  3. the gustatory response to physical and chemical properties rasa is known by its contact with the oral cavity (mouth and tongue, etc)
  4. manifest and subtle (anurasa, uparasa)
  5. karya dravya (effects)
    1. produces direct / immediate action -- quick and short acting
    2. implies a feeling response – affects emotions, etc.
    3. affects the mucus and synovial membranes, and skin (via the nerves) -- affects rasa dhatu
    4. weakest of categories of action
    5. used locally in the therapeutic measures of snehana, svedana, nasya, basti, etc.
    6. acts on accumulation (sancaya) stage of samprapti
  1. while taste is subjective experience there are numerous interfering considerations:3
    1. different plants are used under one name
    2. different parts of the plant are used
    3. different place and season of collection and storage
    4. plant as green versus ripe
    5. taste as an inference by observed actions in the body
  2. as a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of ionization

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Gunas (20):

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Gunas (20):
1. a set of primary attributes/qualities of all substance associated always with substance but are without quality themselves;
2. inactive cause
3. principally reveal the physical / static nature of substance (as opposed to its chemical nature)
4. universal and eternal, these are categories which define, in groupings or 10 continua, the nature of individual substances
5. content of the container-substance, e.g.: a stone has the qualities of hard, static, solid, gross, etc.
6. a category of action which causes the result given by its name; see below. [ Note: there are 41 total attributes of ¨Ayurveda listed in 4 groupings—gurvadi or physico-pharmacological which include these 20 listed below; paradi or pharmacological = 10; visishsha or specific (sense data) = 5; adhyatmika or psychological/mental = 6]
Attribute Continuum
1. Guru / Laghu heavy/light weight
2. Manda / Theekshna sharp/dull-slow intensity
3. Uhsna/sheethaq hot/cold temperature
4. Ruksha / Snigdha dry/oily emolliency
5. slakshna / Khara smooth/rough texture
6. Drava / Sandra liquid/dense-solid viscosity
7. Kathina / Mrdu hard/soft rigidity / compressibility
8. Cala / Sthira mobile/static fluidity
9. Sookshma / Sthula subtle/gross density
10. Vishada / Picchila clear/cloudy-sticky adhesion
Attribute Action
1. Guru tonic, apatarpana
2. Laghu † lightness / activity, santarpana
3. Manda pacifies, apatarpana
4. Teeskhsna cleans, santarpana
5. Ushna † perspiration, santarpana
6. sheetha condenses, apatarpana
7. Ruksha dries, santarpana
8. Snigdha produces moisture, apatarpana
9. slaksha stimulates growth, apatarpana
10. Khara rarifies, attenuates, santarpana
Attribute Action
11. Drava dissolves/mixes, santarpana
12. Sandra nourishes, apatarpana
13. Kathina fastens, hardens, solidifies, apatarpana
14. Mrudu relaxes, santarpana
15. Cala excites, † motion, santarpana
16. Sthira supports, apatarpana
17. Slashana penetrates, analyses, santarpana
18. Sthula covers or protects, apatarpana
19. Vishada clears, santarpana
20. Picchila forms a coating, apatarpana

other Important features of this category:
  1. affects digestion
  2. acts as a nutritional basis of the body
  3. give inferential knowledge of taste (a secondary attribute based upon elemental compostion), and vipaka
  4. are the basis of the 6 therapeutic strategies or actions (langhana, stambhana, etc.)
  5. not dependent upon the physical weight of the substance
  6. acts on basis of physical and chemical properties
  7. effect may be short or long lasting in the body
  8. acts in a general way / affects the whole body; this action is inferential
  9. acts on the proliferation (prasara) stage of pathogenesis (samprapti)


      1. as a category of drug action there is much correspondence with modern notion of inter-atomic distances of a given substance

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